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NDVI, GCC, soil and surface temperature, and soil water content data from Adventdalen, Svalbard. This data was collected with a time-lapse RGB camera and NDVI sensor installed on a two meter high metal rack to monitor tundra vegetation. The time-lapse photos have gone through a manual quality check and were automatically adjusted with an algorithm to correct for lateral and rotational movements. A mask was used to calculate Green Chromatic Channel (GCC) from the photos. The NDVI data was quality controlled by removing outliers that were two standard deviations removed from the mean value of the growing season, and by removing dates where there was snow on the ground (as indicated by the time-lapse photos). In addition, soil and surface temperature and soil moisture were measured to facilitate the interpretation of shifts in the vegetation indices.
Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) abundance in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was estimated during the peak moulting period via aerial, digital photographic surveys. Two digital cameras were automatically triggered at pre-defined GPS positions on transects. A total of 9,145 images, covering 41.7%–100% of the total fast-ice cover (1,496 km2) of 18 different fjords and bays, were inspected manually for the presence of ringed seals. A total of 1,708 seals were counted, and when accounting for ice areas that were not covered by images, a total of 3,254 (95% CI: 3,071–3,449) ringed seals were estimated to be hauled out during the surveys. Extensive behavioral data from radio-tagged ringed seals (collected in a companion study) from one of the highest density fjords during the molting period were used to create a model that predicts the proportion of seals hauled out on any given date, time of day, and under various meteorological conditions. Applying this model to the count data from each fjord, we estimated that a total of 7,585 (95% CI: 6,332–9,085) ringed seals were present in the surveyed area during the peak moulting period. Data on interannual variability in ringed seal abundance suggested higher numbers of seals in Van Keulenfjorden in 2002 compared to 2003, while other fjords with very stable ice cover showed no statistical differences. Poor ice conditions in general in 2002 probably resulted in seals from a wide area coming to Van Keulenfjorden (a large fjord with stable ice in 2002). The total estimated number of ringed seals present in the study area at the time of the survey must be regarded as a population index, or at least a minimum estimate for the area, because it does not account for individuals leaving and arriving, which might account for a considerable number of animals. The same situation is likely the case for many other studies reporting aerial census data for ringed seals. To achieve accurate estimates of population sizes from aerial surveys, more extensive knowledge of ringed seal behaviour will be required.
Institutions: UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Last metadata update: 2024-01-19T11:29:43Z
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Abstract:
An X-ray scan of Priapulopsis bicaudatus. Sample collected by Bodil Bluhm in field (2019-08-16), preserved in 70% EtOH, then stored as a voucher specimen at The Arctic University Museum of Norway with collection number TSZY 427. Before scanning the specimen was encapsuled in wax, then imaged in a Zeiss Xradia Versa 620.
Polyploidy is a very important evolutionary mechanism. However, the advantages and disadvantages of polyploidy are far from being resolved. Saxifraga oppositifolia L. is a circumpolar arctic-alpine species, and one of these species where the effect of autopolyploidy has been overlooked. Three ploidy levels of autopolyploid origin are recorded (diploid, triploid and tetraploid). Saxifraga oppositifolia show considerable variation in both ecology and morphology; it thrives in a wide range of habitats, from early snow free, extremely dry ridges with long growing season, to moist snow beds with short growing season.
We establishment four transects through habitat gradients summer 2018, and added one extra transect summer 2019 in order to study the distribution of ploidy levels of Saxifraga oppositifolia different habitats. Plots were established in three main habitat types (Habitat 1: glacial or fluvial deposits in the valley bottom, Habitat 2: north-east facing slopes in mesic to dry heath vegetation. Habitat 3: dry, open ridges) following and altitudinal gradient from the valley bottom of the main Advent Valley and up the mountain following slopes facing North East in the entrance of Bjørndalen, Endalen, Todalen, Bolterdalen and Foxdalen. In total 15 habitat plots (20 m x 40 m) were established, and we randomly marked out and georeferenced 48 plants within each plot. Within each plot, we placed out data loggers, which measure temperature and for some plots also moisture. A range of different measurmnets, including vegetation analyses, genetic analyses, ploidy analyses and edaphic analyses have been performed, and additional data is still being collected (2021).
We aim to understand the origins of triploids and tetraploids, and identify genetic differences, and physiological and morphological traits related to ploidy levels, and relate these to niche differentiation and ecology.
Institutions: UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norwegain Infrastructure for Research Data (NIRD)
This dataset includes taxonomy and daily vertical export rates of planktonic protist cells, planktonic protist carbon (PPC), and zooplankton abundance and biomass fluxes. Samples were collected from long-term sediment traps deployed on moorings north and northeast of Svalbard from October 2017 to October 2018, as part of the Nansen Legacy (UiT, NO) and Arctic PRIZE (SAMS, UK).
This dataset includes observations of benthic organisms from Isfjorden, Billefjorden, Kongsfjorden, Magdalenafjorden and the marginal ice zone (MIZ). The organisms were collected using benthic trawls. The trawls were done in April 2023, during a field trip on F/F Helmer Hanssen for students in the AB202 course at UNIS. The benthos were described to the lowest possible taxonomic level by the students.
Phytoplankton data collected on a scientific cruise in the biology course AB-202 by The University Centre in Svalbard. The data is collected from different fjords on the west coast of Spitsbergen and by the marginal ice zone in the period 26.04.2023-01.05.2023.
The data was collected from different fjords around Spitsbergen with the use of macrozooplankton nets (1000 μm). The sampling locations are Isfjorden (IsK), Kongsfjorden (KB3) and Magdalenefjorden (MF), and the sampling was done at almost maximum depth.
The harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Svalbardare the northernmost population of this species. The population size is thought to be less than 1,000 individuals; these animals reside principally within a national park on Prins Karls Forland on the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, at about 78°20'N. The material presented in this study was collected from 367 live-captured animals. Upon capture, weight, standard length and girth were measured and a 50 ml blood sample taken. In adults, one of the lower incisors was extracted for age determination. Standard lengths, girths, and blood samples were also taken from a sub-sample of the pups, depending on the conditions surrounding the capture. All seals weretagged with a Rototag in each hind flipper before being released. Seals were aged based on growth layers read from stained, decalcified incisor sections (except for pups of the year). Age at sexual maturity was assessed based on analyses of sex hormones in blood plasma (testosterone in males, estradiol in females) using commercially available immunoassay kits.
Seven post-moulting ringed seals (Phoca hispida) were equipped with Satellite Linked Dive Recorders in Svalbard in July 1996 to determine if ringed seals conduct long-distance post-moulting feeding excursions, and to obtain details of their diving behaviour. The transmitters were programmed to transmit every other day, and had a depth range of 0-470 m and a resolution of 2 m. The minimum depth to be considered a dive was set to 2 m. Dive depth and duration were recorded into 14 intervals. The mean duration of tags was 206 days (range 103-325). Two seals swam 400 km north to the drifting pack ice (82°N). The rest undertook more local movements. Forty-eight percent of all dives were shallower than 20 m and 90% were shallower than 100m. Ninety-five percent of all dive durations were shorter than 10 min, and 99.5% were shorter than 15 min. This study has shown that adult ringed seals undertake varying patterns of post-moulting excursions.
Surveillance of vegetation to find climate changes and long transported pollution (Dyrevika) and reindeer grazing (Stuphallet).Data is extracted as text, re-worked in Excel and stored as Stastistica files (previously stored as StatGraphics files). Linn Bryhn Jacobsen is responsible.Sample plots of vegetation.
Spatial distribution of various age- and sex groups of ringed seals (N = 94; 19 adultmales, 33 adult females and 42 subadults) was studied in their fast-ice breeding habitat in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard, during May 2004. Adult females occupied the inner, most stable ice area, whilesubadults were found predominantly in the outer parts of the fast-ice, where the ice conditions aremore unstable. Adult males were scattered across these 2 areas; some were intermingled with breedingfemales while others were found further out towards the ice edge in areas mainly dominated bysubadults. This pattern suggests territorial behaviour with competitive exclusion of the subadults andadult males that cannot compete for territories in the prime breeding areas. The size of adult maleswas correlated with their testosterone levels, but it was not necessarily the largest males that had themost adult female neighbors. The adult males that had the most adult female neighbors were howeversignificantly older than the adult males with fewer female neighbors (18 ± 1 vs. 12 ± 1 yr). Thissuggests that experience (age) likely plays a strong role in achieving reproductive success for maleringed seals. A male:female sex ratio of 1:2.4 was found in the prime breeding area, which suggestsa slightly polygynous mating system.
The harbor seal population on Svalbard, the northernmost breeding site for this species, appears to have a truncatedage distribution with older animals being largely absent.PCBs and pesticides were measured in harbor seal males,females, milk and pups from Svalbard to explore whether contaminant exposure or accumulation is a possible causeof premature death for these animals.The levels and patterns of these contaminants were assessed. In addition,transfer of these compounds from females to their pups during lactation was assessed.Both PCB and pesticide levelswere low compared to more southern harbor seal populations.Animals from Svalbard contained 5–10 times lowercontaminant levels, compared to seals from the Norwegian mainland, and 30 times lower concentrations than thoseof harbor seals from the Gulf of St.Lawr ence in eastern Canada. Ringed seals from Svalbard have contaminant levelsthat are comparable to the harbor seals, probably because the diet, as well as the metabolic capacity, of the twospecies is similar at this location.The findings of this study indicate that the early mortality observed for harbor sealson Svalbard, is not likely to be due to contaminant exposure.Female harbor seals transfer a modified contaminantmixture to their pups compared to that found within their own tissues; compounds with higher log Kow, such as somepenta-chlorinated PCBs, were selectively transferred into milk.As a result, the contaminant pattern between malesand females differed, with penta-chlorinated PCBs more abundant in males than in females.In addition, pups receivea relatively high amount of the less lipophylic compounds and a low amount of the more lipophylic compounds.Thesimilar contaminant pattern in milk and pups suggested that they are probably unable to metabolize contaminants andconsequently, accumulate all ingested chemicals.
Twenty-seven ringed seals (Phoca hispida) and 18 harp seals (P. groenlandica) were collected for diet analysis along the ice edge in the Barents Sea to investigate possible niche overlap between these 2 seal species. The diet analysis is based on contents from stomachs and intestines. A resource availability survey was conducted concurrently based on an echo survey combined with demersal and pelagic trawling. This survey showed that the potential prey biomass was dominated by pelagic crustaceans (99% of total biomass) - principally Themisto libellula and Thyssanoessa spp. Despite the prevalence of these crustaceans both seal species showed a strong preference for fish of various species, which constituted only 1% of the biomass in the area. The most common fish in their diet was polar cod Boreogadus saida, which had a Manly's prey preference index of 0.87 for ringed seals and 0.42 for harp seals. Pianka's niche overlap index for the 2 seal species in this area was 0.985, indicating an almost complete niche overlap. However, harp seals prey on significantly larger polar cod than ringed seas, and the larger cod were distributed in deeper water than smaller cod. Thus it appears that the 2 seal species exploit different fractions of the same resource.