Citation information for individual datasets is often provided in the metadata. However, not all datasets have this information embedded in the discovery metadata. On a general basis a citation of a dataset include the same components as any other citation:
author,
title,
year of publication,
publisher (for data this is often the archive where it is housed),
edition or version,
access information (a URL or persistent identifier, e.g. DOI if provided)
The information required to properly cite a dataset is normally provided in the discovery metadata the datasets.
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The Data Access Portal has information in 3 columns. An outline of the content in these columns is provided above. When first entering the search interface, all potential datasets are listed. Datasets are indicated in the map and results tabulation elements which are located in the middle column. The order of results can be modified using the "Sort by" option in the left column. On top of this column is normally relevant guidance information to user presented as collapsible elements.
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This study documents activity patterns and diving behaviour of four bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)mothers during the lactation period. Depth and velocity were recorded at intervals of 10 s, with a depth resolution of 2 m. The females spent 8 ± 3% (mean ± SD) of their time hauled out on the ice and92 ± 3% in the water. Approximately half of their time was spent diving. During the study 15 077 dives were recorded.The duration of dives was 2.0 ± 2.3 min and diving depth was 17.2 ± 22.5 m (maximum 18.7 min and 288 m,respectively). Haulout periods occurred 3 ± 2 times per day (duration = 44.0 ± 98.1 min). The overall distance swumper day was 48.1 ± 23.2 km. Three dive types were differentiated using a combination of hierarchical and k-meansclustering, one V-shaped grouping and two U-shaped groupings. The most common dive type was U1; these dives werethe deepest and longest type (depth = 28 ± 32 m, duration = 185 ± 146 s), and bottom time occupied a significantfraction of the total dive time (120 ± 120 s). These dives are likely foraging dives. Lactation is energetically demandingfor bearded seals, and females do forage while they have dependent pups.
The overall goal of this project is to determine the influence of climate variability and change on the energy transfer in the marine pelagic ecosystem in different water masses on the west coast of Spitsbergen. The project will compare the pelagic food webs in fronts involving Arctic (ArW) and Atlantic water masses (AW) in this high Arctic region.
Fifteen adult white whales Delphinapterus leucas were fitted with satellite relay data loggers (SRDLs) in order to study their distribution and movement patterns in Svalbard. A total of 844 d of tracking data on location and diving depth (and diagnostic data on the SRDLs themselves) was recorded. The average longevity of the SRDLs was 56 ± 30 (SD) d (range 7 to 120 d). Location data was filtered to exclude spurious readings, using an indication of signal quality and a maximum speed of 2m per second. The tracking data were analysed using a computer visualisation system, which allowed the movement patterns to be animated against a background map of the study area. This enabled classification of the whales’ tracking data into 4 major activity patterns: (1) glacier front stationary (55.6 % of the time), (2) in-fjord movements (10.6 % of the time), (3) coastal movements (26.0 % of the time), and (4) coastal stationary (7.8 % of the time). Spot depths (simple depth profiles sampled at regular intervals) and the number of completed versus aborted data transmissions were used to help classify the data into activity patterns. The whales spent most of their time relatively stationary, close to different glacier fronts in the area. These areas are known to have a high abundance of potential prey species for white whales, so foraging is the probable reason for this behaviour. When the whales changed location, they did so in an apparently directed and rapid manner. Average horizontal swimming speed was at least 6 km per hour during long-distance movements. Movements between glacier fronts were extremely coastal in nature and took place in shallow waters. This behaviour has probably developed as a means of avoiding predators.
Based on knowledge of where walrus had their territory, observation from air plane were undertaken on Svalbard. These observations include registration of number of individual walrus, their living areas and behaviour.
This study investigated physiological and behavioural aspects of diving development in pups of the harbour seal Phoca vitulina. The study was conducted from 16 June to 10 July in both 1999 and 2000 on the west coast of Prins Karls Forland (78°20’N, 11°30’E), the westernmost island of the Svalbard Archipelago. Behavioural data (4280 h, 6027 dives) from time/depth recorders (N=13, model Mk6, Wildlife Computers Inc.) deployed on pups aged 0–19 days are presented concomitantly with physiological measurements (N=8, sampled both early and late in the nursing period) of blood oxygen stores and body composition. Pups grew from 12.6±1.8 kg (mean age 2 days, total body fat 16±4 %) to 22.2±2.5 kg (mean age 16 days, total body fat 35±5 %; means ± S.D.) over the duration of the experiment. Pups less than 5 days of age had an elevated haematocrit and reduced plasma volume compared with older pups. Although plasma volume and blood volume increased, mass-specific blood oxygen stores (total haemoglobin) fell during the study period. Simultaneously, the following behavioural indicators of diving ability increased: the proportion of time spent in the water, dive depth, dive duration, bottom time and maximum daily swimming velocity. In addition, the proportion of dives that were identified by cluster analyses as being U-shaped increased significantly with age. On the basis of the measured blood oxygen stores, less than 1% of the recorded dives exceeded the calculated aerobic dive limit. Thus, development in blood oxygen stores or rates of oxygen consumption did not seem to restrain the rate of neonatal dive development in harbour seals. It appears that behavioural modifications (experience and learning) may be the primary rate-limiting factors for ontogeny of diving skills in neonates of this species.
Free-living ringed seals (N = 11) equipped with satellite-relayed data loggers (SRDLs) with incorporated oceanographic-quality temperature sensors were used to collect data from a large sector of the northern Barents Sea during the autumn andearly winter. A total of 2346 temperature profiles were collected over a 4-month period from Norwegian and Russian arcticwaters in areas that were at times 90–100% ice-covered. Temperature distributions at different depths from northeastern parts ofSvalbard, Norway show warm North Atlantic water (NAW) flowing along the continental slope and gradually cooling at alldepths as it flows eastwards. The data suggest that most of the cooling takes place west of 30jE. Vertical temperature profilesfrom the area between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, Russia show how the surface water cools during freeze-up anddemonstrate a warm water flow, which is probably NAW, coming in from the north through a deep trench west of Franz JosefLand. Global oceanographic and climate models require improved oceanographic databases from crucial areas where importanthydrological phenomena occur. Such areas in arctic waters are often inaccessible during winter and logistically difficult to reacheven in summer. The present study demonstrates how large amounts of oceanographic information can be collected andretrieved in a cost-efficient manner using ice-associated marine mammals as carrier of oceanographic sampling equipment. Inaddition to the oceanographic value of the data collected by marine mammals in this manner, a vast amount of informationregarding the habitat of these animals is concomitantly sampled.
In September 2007 over 800 purple sandpipers (Calidris maritima) were catched and ringed. Following measurements were taken: tarsus length, wing length, bill length, weight (sub-sample). Also few individuals of other species were catched, ringed and measured (sanderling, wheatear, dunlin, ringed plover, arctic tern and snow bunting).
Diving behaviour of sub-adult harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from Svalbard was studied using time-depth recorders (TDRs, n=3), during the post-moulting period. The TDRs recorded depth and time at 10 s intervals with a depth resolution of 2 m. The seals spent 82±10% of their time in the water and 18±10% of their time hauled out during the autumn study period. Activity patterns were significantly affected by both tidal and light cycles. Most of the dives (n=11,322) were relatively shallow (mean depth 40.6±25.5 m) and of short duration (mean duration 2.6±1.0 min) with maximum depth and duration values of 172 m and 10 min, respectively. The dives were classified into one V- and two U-shaped classes, via PCA and cluster analyses. The most frequent dive type, U 1 -dives, were much deeper, lasted longer, and had longer bottom time and faster ascent and descent rates than the other dive types. Approximately 70% of all dives fell into this category and these dives occurred predominantly in clearly defined bouts. Diving bouts lasted 12.5 h on average and consisted almost entirely of U 1 -dives (97.5%). Harbour-seal foraging in Svalbard, at least that which is performed by juveniles during the autumn, appears to involve dedicated excursions that include very intense diving bouts.
Recordings were made of the sounds produced by white whales during capture events inStorfjorden, Svalbard, in the late autumn. Only four of eight captured individuals produced sounds.Four subadults, one female and three males, between 330 and 375 cm long, did not produce soundsduring handling. The four animals that produced sounds were as follows: a female subadult of 280cm produced repetitive broadband clicks; a solitary calf produced harmonic sounds, which wesuggest may serve as mother–calf ‘‘contact calls,’’ and a mother–calf pair were the two animals thatproduced the most sounds in the study. The mother produced ‘‘crooning’’ broadband clicks andfrequently moved her head toward her calf while producing underwater sounds. The calf producedthree types of frequency-modulated sounds interspersed within broadband click trains. No soundswere heard from any of the animals once they were free-swimming, or during ad lib recordingsessions in the study area, even though groups of white whales were sighted on several occasionsaway from the capture net.
Nine male walruses were equipped with dive recording devices in Svalbard to investigate walrus diving and haul-out behaviour in late summer 1991 and 1993. Dive information on 6,018 dives was collected by 3 satellite linked dive recorders. Additional dive information on 7,769 dives was obtained from 3 time depth recorders. Dives had to be deeper than 2 m to be recorded as dives. Dive duration and depth were recorded in 6 intervals each. Diving sessions were considered to start when a walrus left its haul-out site and started diving U-shaped dives deeper than 10 m. The diving period ended when the walrus hauled out again. Haul out was considered to be the period when the walrus was hauled out of the water, i.e. dry. If consecutive haul-out periods were separated by wet periods shorter than 15 min, then the consecutive haul-out periods, including the wet times, were grouped as one. The deepest dive recorded was 67 m, but mean depth of foraging dives was 22.5 m. The longest-lasting dive recorded was 24 min, but mean duration of foraging dives was 6 min. The walruses, on average, spent 56 h in the water followed by 20 h hauled out on land.
This data was collected during a AB-202 Helmer Hanssen field cruise in the spring of 2023. The cruise lasted from 26.04-01.05. The stations were Kongsfjorden (KB3), Magdalenafjorden (MAG), marginal ice zone (MIZ) and Billefjorden (BAB). The data was collected with a benthic trawl at each of the stations.
Institutions: British Antarctic Survey, British Antarctic Survey
Last metadata update: 2022-03-22T00:00:00Z
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Abstract:
The number of Fur and Elephant seals around the base on Signy Island have been counted daily between January and March since 1992. Details of the area counted are given in the 1992 Seal Mammal report (AD6/2H/1992/NM3).
Institutions: British Antarctic Survey, British Antarctic Survey, UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation
Last metadata update: 2020-11-23T00:00:00Z
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Abstract:
The colony size and breeding success of Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) on Goudier Island, monitored annually 1996 - 2020. The data presented here includes the number of breeding pairs, the number of chicks that hatched from their eggs (approximately the mid-point in the annual breeding season) and the number of chicks present in creches at defined sub-colonies prior to fledging.
Institutions: British Antarctic Survey, British Antarctic Survey, British Antarctic Survey
Last metadata update: 2016-06-24T00:00:00Z
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Abstract:
Genetic variation on a spatial scale was assessed, using both DNA fingerprinting and sequencing-based approaches, in the Antarctic endemics Buellia frigida, Carbonia vorticosa and Amandinea petermananii, and in the bipolar species Caloplaca saxicola, Umbilicaria decussata and Cladonia galindezii. PCR-based (Polymerase Chain Reaction) molecular biology techniques, were used as they are ideal for working with lichens because little starting material is required. See Fabian et al. 2007 for further information on analyses and results.
Institutions: British Antarctic Survey, British Antarctic Survey, NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre
Last metadata update: 2022-03-22T00:00:00Z
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Abstract:
The weights of fledging Macaroni penguin chicks at Bird Island have been monitored since 1989. The colony at Fairy Point, also known as Little Mac, contains approximately 400 breeding pairs. Each year, just before their departure from the colony, a sample of 100 fledgling birds are weighed as part of the Bird Island long-term monitoring programme. This data is submitted to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) as part of their Ecosystem Monitoring Programme (CEMP).
This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey.