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Abstract:
Monthly mean sea ice volume transport through Fram Strait from June 1992 to August 2014.
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The sea ice volume transport is derived from sea ice thickness obtained by Upward Looking Sonar (ULS), sea ice drift from satellite data using SSM/I, SSMIS, and AMSR-E/2 microwave radiometers (provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), see e.g. Kwok et al., 1998, doi:10.1029/97JC03334), and sea ice area obtained from SSM/I and SSMIS satellite microwave radiometer observations. Ice draft is measured by ULS deployed at moorings F11 (3°W), F12 (4.25°W), F13 (5°W) and F14 (6.5°W) from the Norwegian Polar Institute at a latitude of 79°N (pre-2002) or 78.8°N (post-2002). The ice thickness is obtained by assuming hydrostatic balance and multiplying the measured ULS sea ice draft by a factor of 1:136. Sea ice volume transport is calculated through a transect on a polar stereographic grid from about N79.9°/W14.9° to N77.0°/E2.9°. Ice thicknesses are inter- and extrapolated over the transect, averaged daily, multiplied by daily ice drift and ice area to obtain the sea ice volume transport (counted positive southward, i.e., as sea ice export out of the Arctic Basin). Here monthly aggregates are provided. To obtain freshwater transport the ice volume transport has to be multiplied by a factor of 0.8